Symphony Nos free essay sample

Originally, Haydn meant for the symphonies not to be played in order as they are numbered, and did not write them in numerical order either. He wrote number 83 and 87 around 1785, in 1786 he wrote numbers 82, 84, and 86 and number 85 was written at an unknown time between 1 785 and 1786. Haydn started by wanting them to be published in the order 87, 85, 83, 84, 86, 82, but later decided to have them played the order 82, 87, 85, 84, 83, 86. [2] To analyze this piece will be using the book Haydn: The Pans Symphonies by Bernard Harrison. I will also use as a back up is The Music of Joseph Haydn, the Symphonies by Antonym Hodgkin. Both of these books have decent analysis of the ices and, with the recordings, should provide excellent tools. The large Pans orchestra, which played the symphonies first, consisted of seventy strings and doubled woodwind, yet it is believed that Haydn did not consider this while he was writing them. The two fullest works were not played by the Paris Orchestra, however. We will write a custom essay sample on Symphony Nos or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They were originally played by by the Princes Band at Stargaze , which only had twenty-four members, not Including trumpets and drums, which only played when required.This ensemble was approximately one third the size of the Paris Orchestra. [3] Haydn did something with symphony 82 that had not been done In over twelve years. Number 82 is in C major, and it brought to the table a C Major Festive Symphony including the very touching sounds of horns crooked in C alto. [4] At this point the instrumentation can also call for trumpets in C rather than the horns, which Is fairly common even though the piece accommodates the horns a lot better. Symphony number 84 and 87 are very musically similar to each other. Symphony number 84 is one of the more popular of the Paris Symphonies.It, like number 87, has more timbre and Instrumentation than the others. Number 84 has more emphasis on the woodwinds than any of the other Paris Symphonies. Both of these, especially number 84 have the best of the orchestral expectations of the 1 asss, but 1 OFF Symphony number 84 has a very large assertion of the dominant of B Major, although it does spend a little time in the minor mode of E flat. [6] Beginning in the dominant is a characteristic of music from the sasss, which was a favorite decade of Heydays. [7] Both 84 and 87 provide insight into Heydays musical taste.They both also relate very well the growing difference between the popular mindset that Haydn ride to achieve, with the current favorite of classical music in late eighteenth century France and England. [8] In symphony 82 a multitude of different instruments are employed. The strings start by running up the scale at a rate of one octave per measure and a half. The growling pedal notes of the bassoon (which give the piece its nickname the Bear symphony) lighten after the string runs bringing with it dissonance and the horns right before the recapitulation.Another theory on the nickname of the symphony begins with the finale where a flute plays a happy tune over the accompaniment of a ingle drum stroke with a bass note resonating underneath. This theory bases off of traveling performers who had dancing bears that would dance to the sound of the performer playing on a pan style flute. It ends with a typical Haydn move where the timpani enter at fortissimo while the rest of the performing group is only at forte. [9] Symphony number 83 is keyed in g minor and is scored almost the same way that number 82 is, yet for a minor setting and without timpani.This movement is more geared as homage to universal peasantry. The finale is kind off hunting style piece, even though it is not an appropriate key for this period. However, the orchestration makes this symphony high drama, which helps it along. [10] In number 84, the bold interjection of the horns and other wind instruments are not as easily brought off. This symphony is in the key of E flat, which is considered Heydays comfortable key. Generally ensembles tend to shy away from this key with Haydn symphonies because it is his comfortable key.The work sometimes seems superficial because it is either rushed off, or the dynamics are downplayed. The texture remains sad even with the lighter texture of the trio. [1 1] Symphony 85 is one of the more popular of the Paris Symphonies. It is keyed in B flat and is reportedly one of the favorites of Marie Antoinette. When Haydn writes to please his intended audience, it is because he has something original to say. The Vice tone has a long, smooth line accompanied by a driving string rhythm. The only problem with the finale of this symphony is trying to fugue out if its form is close enough to a rondo to be called such, since it breaks the rules and develops rather than introducing new themes. [12] When Haydn wrote symphony 86 it was the first time that he incorporated trumpet and drum parts during composition. It was also one of only five symphonies that Haydn had written at this point that were keyed in D major. The others include Include the trumpets and the timpani. After a slow introduction the Allegro Spirits comes in rather quickly.The effect of repeated notes is played up very well here. It gave the trumpets a crystal clear and extremely brilliant sound over the small string sections of the Princes Band. Being played by this ensemble rather than the Paris Orchestra is thought to have been better for it because of the cautious and detached open notes that lead to incredible moving progress. This symphony gets its phrases room dances practiced by the Austrian culture. With the addition of the words of a Christmas Carol the bassoon and string lines that make up this particular symphony are accented and made very popular.

The Nature and Causes of Obesity Essay Example

The Nature and Causes of Obesity Essay Example The Nature and Causes of Obesity Essay The Nature and Causes of Obesity Essay It is prevalent in our society, especially nowadays, that there are more and more people who become overweight and unhealthy, factors that may contribute to such is due to a person’s cost of living, lifestyle, personality, and attitude towards his or her food intake and everyday activities. This paper will discuss not only the above mentioned factors as a cause for obesity but it will explain the biological and medical cause of it. First, one can only draw conclusions unto what is the cause of obesity if he/she knows the exact definition of this. According to Myers (1), obesity is a state wherein there is excess body fat that has been accumulated and poses serious threat to the person’s health. This arises from too much energy intake and less metabolic rate and exercise. This could only mean that one of the factors that could lead to obesity is the person’s lifestyle. If the person has more calorie intake and less physical activity, he/she may lead to obesity. Aside from lack of exercise or physical activity, the person’s diet is also another factor. The reason why the input of calories is more rather than your physical activity is because of the food that you are eating. As probably already established, â€Å"there is a relative contribution of excess energy intake versus reduced energy expenditure to the obesity epidemic in the United States and in other countries has been the subject of much study and debate† (Caballero 2). Data shows that the US population has one of the highest rates of obesity in the world and it’s leaning cause is improper dietary intake. A large portion of this may be contributed by the increase in consumption of fast food and sweetened beverages (which accounts for almost 25 percent of daily calories in young adults). While other factors that could be causes of such are the following: low cost of energy-dense foods, increased consumption of prepared meals, and ample opportunities to eat throughout the day. Obesity can be a result of an interplay between genetic and environmental factor like many other diseases known to man. Obesity is found to be a major feature in rare genetic conditions like: Prader-Willi syndrome, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, MOMO syndrome, leptin receptor mutationss, congenital leptin deficiency, and melanocortin receptor mutations. A study was found indicating that 80% of the offspring of two obese parents were obese, would result in the same condition in contrast to less than 10% of the offspring of two parents who were of normal weight (Farooqi and ORahilly 710). On the other hand, obesity can be attributed to genetics but this still depends on the population that is examined. (Chakravarthy and Booth 4) The thrifty gene hypothesis states that certain ethnic groups may be more prone to obesity in an equivalent environment. Their ability to take advantage of rare periods of abundance by storing energy as fat would be advantageous during times of varying food availability, and individuals with greater adipose reserves would be more likely survive famine. This tendency to store fat, however, would be maladaptive in societies with stable food supplies. This is the presumed reason that Pima Indians, who evolved in a desert ecosystem, developed some of the highest rates of obesity when exposed to a Western lifestyle. Related to this, Some physical and mental illnesses that are used to treat them and also some pharmaceutical substances can increase the risk of obesity.   Some of the medical illnesses that can increase obesity risk are rare genetic syndromes and congenital or acquired conditions. Some of these are: hypothyroidism, Cushings syndrome, growth hormone deficiency and the eating disorders- binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome. Though these illnesses occur under obesity, obesity is still not considered as a psychiatric disorder. There are also some instances wherein medications may cause weight gain or changes in body composition. These medications include: insulin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, steroids, sulfonylureas, certain anticonvulsants (phenytoin and valproate), pizotifen, and some forms of hormonal contraception (Kolata 10). Lastly, while genetic influences are important in understanding obesity, they cannot explain the current dramatic increase seen within specific countries. Though it was already established that there are medical, psychological, and physical reasons for being obese, there are studies that show that there is a correlation between social class and Body Mass Index. There was a study found in 1989 that women under the high social class in the developed countries are less likely to be obese and in the developing countries, women, men and children from high social classes have higher rates of obesity. In the year 2007, an update of these study was made and found same relationships but weaker. It was said that the effects of globalization was the reason why there is a decrease in the strength of correlation. There are some explanations made regarding the association of BMI and social class. It was said that people in the developed countries can afford more nutritious food and are experiencin g a very high social pressure to remain slim. They also have more opportunities to do physical fitness. While in the developing countries, obesity patterns contribute to the high cost of living, high energy expenditure with physical labor and some cultural values. It was also said that a person’s thought about body mass may also play a role in obesity. A correlation in BMI that changes over time was also found between friends, siblings and spouses (Sobal and Stunkard 270).