Buddhism and the seven dimensions - 2538 Words

Since the beginning of time humans have endeavoured to explain the causes and reasons behind their existence. As a result of this thirst for knowledge many different beliefs and values have been formulated with the aim of explaining this age-old question. Most of these beliefs are prevalent today in the form of institutionalised religions. In order to gain an understanding of the word religion, we need to fully analyse and compare the components of religions in order to gain a more cultivated understanding of this enigmatic term. An extremely valuable way of classifying religion and its many aspects is through the Seven Dimensions, developed by Ninian Smart. (See Appendix 1) These dimensions explore the many aspects of religion in a†¦show more content†¦While this dimension is not as important as in some other faiths of a strongly sacramental kind, it is still highly regarded. This can be attributed to the fact that it is through certain rituals that the core experience of e nlightenment is obtained. (Hope, 1995) The ritual central to the Buddhist faith is the practice of meditation. The importance of meditation is paramount because it was through meditation that Buddha was able to gain enlightenment. Consequently, Buddhists attempt to emulate Buddha when meditating by endeavouring to cultivate wisdom and compassion, whilst also trying to gain control of the mind and expel suffering. (Mudge et al, 1993) If a Buddhist is successful in accomplishing this then they are said to have gained enlightenment. In terms of mass rituals, Buddhism maintains a plethora of ceremonies dealing with both the Sangha (Order of monks and nuns) and laity. The primary rituals concerning the Sangha includes; the initiation ritual in which the shaving of the head is a common practice and the annual Kathina Festival, in which the laity of the faith offers fabric to the monks for their new robes. For the laity, worship is more personal than congregation. A common practice is the taking of the three refuges (See appendix 3), in which adherents chant the same three sayings in repetition. This type of chanting, along with meditation, are common acts of devotion in Buddhism. RecentlyShow MoreRelatedThe Seven Dimensions Of Buddhism985 Words   |  4 Pagesthere is no true way to define a religion. Instead, one must apply the seven dimensions in order to fully understand it. The seven dimensions are ritual (practical), mythology, doctrinal, ethical, experiential, social, and material. Buddhism is a religion that was founded by an Indian prince named Siddhartha Gautama, who later became the Buddha. Buddhism can be understood using all seven of the dimensions. The first dimension used to understand a religion is based off its rituals. Buddhist performRead MoreBuddhism : A Life Of Life1786 Words   |  8 PagesBuddhism arose from its founder Siddhartha Gautama, or better known as Buddha. He was born into a life of luxury, as rightfully so a Prince should be. Born in Nepal, in 563 BCE Siddhartha grew up in a world in which all his desires and wants were fulfilled. His father had demanded that he live a life of seclusion from all of the world’s anguish. When Siddhartha was first born a fortune teller came, upon his father’s request, to tell of the boy’s future. They inform his father that, â€Å"if he succeededRead MoreBased Stress Reduction And Behavioral Therapy Course Essay1253 Words   |  6 Pagesand other problems. However, discussion are limited to concepts of â€Å"secular† Buddhism, rather than religious Buddhism. These concepts are relevant to our personal, social, and environmental experience of the world rather than dealing with a belief system and worship of a superhuman controlling power, as would be a dimension in any religion. As such, a view of principles of non-religious, this-worldly, secularized Buddhism can be considered supplemental to any belief system (Swart, 2014). The BuddhaRead MoreBuddhism And Hinduism : Religion2033 Words   |  9 Pages Religion is a way of shaping and molding your life. As stated before, there are many religions. That also means there are many different beliefs and not all religions have things in common. Take Buddhism and Hinduism, nothing alike at its foundational beliefs, but are similar in some aspects. Buddhism at its foundation is a non-theistic religion following the teachings of one man and following his lifestyle, non-theistic meaning that they do not have a god. On the other hand Hinduism (dependingRead MoreGlobal Business Cultural Analysis South Korea7932 Words   |  32 PagesKorea. In doing so, I will be answering the four major questions as it relates to the major Elements and Dimensions of culture in South Korea. Also, since the dimensions of culture in any nation are many, it is necessary to analyze each category that makes up the Dimensions of one’s culture, these categories have been in place fo r many years in any given country. If we simply consider the Dimensions of Culture in the United States alone, which range from Religion to our Ethical standards, it would beRead MoreIslam : Religious Aspects Of Islam1380 Words   |  6 Pageswill emerge. Educations was the focus point for the Muslims, which help in the development of arts and science. Also, a new intellectual and spiritual tradition was brought in with the introduction of â€Å"Sufism† which is basically the inner mystical dimension of Islam. On my conclusion of this paper, I will hope to answer and give a little more understanding on what are the tenets of Islam as described in the text are? Why did trade thrive in Muslim lands? And what new ideas and practices emerged in theRead MoreThe Cultural Analysis Of Outdoor Leisure Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pageshighly increase of commodity price against the comparatively slow growth of personal income, and deteriorating urban environment, all these pave a way fo r necessity for an alternative way of urban living. Meanwhile, confronting with the consecutive seven years slow down growth of GDP as well as increasing expand tensions by disparities spreading from cities and rural, and from coastal and inland, this is mainly caused by both global economic crises as well as Party-State’s imbalanced economic strategiesRead MoreBuddha Is The Ten Original Practices For Enlightened Living By Surya Das1841 Words   |  8 Pageswhat is learned in the religious beliefs of Buddhism, the way to enlightenment. The Buddha can be defined as the awakened one. Buddha teaches individuals to transform your life experiences, and become totally responsible for your lives. Buddhism is unique from other religions, in that it is non-theistic. The Buddha teaches that believing in God was not needed to seek enlightenment. The Buddha teaches many things, but the basic concepts in Buddhism are the Four Noble Truths and the Noble EightfoldRead MoreBudhism and The Seven Chakras Essay2151 Words   |  9 Pagestranscending the confines of the human psyche as it is in our physical bodies. This door to another dimension is a substance known by scientific communities as Dimethyltryptamine, or simply, DMT. I- What is DMT? A. Dimethyltryptamine (2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine) B. A Tryptamine molecule that has psychedelic properties. C. Exists in living beings as a communication device between the dimensions II-How is it used? A. Smoking, injecting, insufflating, and brewing into teas (ayahuasca)Read MoreBuddha And The Yin And Yang1976 Words   |  8 Pagespracticed many forms of extreme austerity or painful rituals, such as sleeping on brambles to mortify the desires of his body and denying his body of sitting by instead crouching on his heels to develop his concentration. He did these things for six or seven years to attain truth. One day while on his pilgrimage of enlightenmerhaps the most important point in his spiritual journey, where he became the Buddha or the Enlightened One. With his newly found title as the Buddha, he decided to set out and share

Omnipresence of Whitman Here-- Then and Now - 1143 Words

Whitman is able to traverse both time and distance and connect with his readers, through the use of simple diction, as so few other poets can. His mastery of verbiage draws readers into the poem, and creates a poetic experience like no other. In â€Å"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry,† Whitman creates a vignette into the Brooklyn of the past, as he connects it to the present, in surprising ways. Omnipresence allows the reader to envision themselves in the settings created and to interpret them into modern language. Whitman connects with his readers in a fascinating and deeply personal ways, by creating a path through the cities of the past to the people of the present. Whitman’s mastery of language is apparent in the poem narrator’s ability to speak†¦show more content†¦Whitman encourages his readers to internalize his words as completely as possible. Whitman states that he knew what it [was] to be evil (ln 72). By stating that he has knowledge of all experience s in life, even some which are undesirable including hot wishes I dared not speak (ln 76) and behavior befitting the wolf, the snake, the hog, (ln 78) Whitman identifies with the dredges of humanity who may feel lost or unworthy of recognition because of their actions. The narrator may be guilty of these deviant activities, or he may simply have mentioned evil as part of a confession of a collective of guilt, which is yet another way of amalgamating his present to the future. Whitman was one in a nameless crowd playing the part that still looks back on the actor or actress (ln 86). The addressing of the readers continues on, though more directly than before. In the seventh chapter, Whitman asserts that What thoughts you have of me now, I had as much of you (ln 90). He is also informing his future readers than he is with them, enjoying this . . . as good as looking at you now, for all you cannot see me (ln 93-94), which parallels â€Å"Failing to fetch me at first keep encouraged,/M issing me one place search another,/I stop somewhere waiting for you,†(ln1341-1343) the closing lines of Song of Myself. The spiritual nature of this â€Å"chapter† addresses the Christian believe in life-after-death. Though

Implementation of Fiscal Policies by the Australian Government

Question: Discuss about theImplementation of Fiscal Policies by the Australian Government. Answer: Tax on sugary foods may sound as a better idea to stimulate people to turn to healthy eating. I would argue for tax/subsidy imposition on sugary foods as there is a possibility of promoting some healthy eating behavior. Various source has given the price elasticity for sugary foods to be less than one (absolutely). This means that sugary foods demand is relatively inelastic to prices changes. Approximately, the PED for sugary foods is about -0.3; this again means that the change in demand after a price increase which will result from the imposition of the tax will be too small. Consumers will continue consuming nearly the same level of food stuffs as before the imposition; this will raise greater tax revenue. If this revenue is used to subsidize the consumption of healthy foods, the price for heathy foods will fall and will be affordable to many. Sweets and sugary snack are things consumers can do without since they are not a necessity. Thus, their consumption will be helping many pe ople to afford other healthy foods after tax imposition. Consumers welfare will be raised from purchasing healthy foods at a lower price. Fig: Inelastic Demand The big rise in price causes only a small fall in demand because of the inelastic nature of demand. According to Keynes, increased government spending will result in an increment in the national income. The employment level will increase and consumers will have better income for spending; this therefore with stimulate the consumers spending. Increased spending will raise the demand level for goods and services creating a need for the producers to increase their level of supply. In the process of producing more to meet the increased demand, the private investors will become more productive and spend more on their expansion. This increased spending by private investors will further stimulate the economic growth as it will demand supplementary labor (more employment) During a recession there is less production in the economy as investors confidence is lost. This reduced production lowers the level of goods and services provision. The reduction in the supply of goods make the price level to rise; the outside economies find it more expensive to import from the economy under recession. This lowers the economys level of exportation. The increased domestic price creates an increased demand for imports since imports turn out to be cheaper. This results in a budget deficit. Discretionary changes include raising government spending and tax cuts to stimulate aggregate demand and hence production of goods and services. This lowers the budget deficit. It is not all the times that the governments spending is directed to viable investments; some of the investments made by the policy makers do not derive much benefits to the general public. Thus this can be considered as a waste of government resources. The government can analyze all its areas of spending and identify those that are essential and the less essential; then it can reduce spending on the less essential areas; it can partially or fully avoid spending on these areas. Reduced government spending will result in lower interest rate and investors will borrow more and increase the investment level. Expansionary monetary policy which may involve a cut in the RBAs cash rate which would in turn result in a fall in the interest rate would help in the creation of an economic stimulus. This is because at a lower interest rate, investors will find it cheaper to borrow and invest owing to the fact that there is a fall in the servicing costs of loans. Makin argue that the monetary policy is more effective compared to fiscal policy because the Australian government is dependent on external borrowing and thus fiscal policies would raise the risk of loss of its creditworthiness.

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Classical Criminology Essay Example

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Classical Criminology Paper The development of the Classical theory was at a time where society was experiencing vast changes with the movement from feudalism to that of capitalism. This substantial transition took place in the 18th Century or Renaissance period where views and attitudes on religion were being challenged. Due to the influence of religion upon society at the time the challenge that it faced deeply affected society, including that of attitudes to crime. Feudalism was based upon repression with the majority of power, wealth and land being in the hands of only a few people. There was a significant absence of legal rights, punishment was brutal and justice was personalised. In reaction to this a group known as the enlightenment philosophers emerged who argued that human problems should be tackled by the application of reason, rather than tradition, religion or superstition. 1 The Enlightenment thinkers argued for a criminal justice system which was predictable, non-discriminatory, humane and effective. 2 This line of argument formed the basis for the classicalist theory. The Classical theory relies on the principle that humans have individual rights, the capacity to reason and the rule of law. The voluntaristic view that humans have free will therefore means we are entirely responsible for our actions. We commit crime due to either using reason to outweigh the benefits against the detriments or because of an irrational decision. The Classical theory views everyone as having the equal capacity to reason therefore everyone should be treated equally under the law. 3 In order to maintain both individual rights and order the Classicalist theory proposes that there should be a social contract between the governing state and the individuals. We will write a custom essay sample on The Strengths and Weaknesses of Classical Criminology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Strengths and Weaknesses of Classical Criminology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Strengths and Weaknesses of Classical Criminology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Social contract states that we give up certain rights in return for both the safety of ourselves and our property. The rule of law means we are treated equally under the law. The law is seen as essentially good and that crime is simply a violation of the law. Punishment was used only as a deterrent against committing crime working on a pleasure-pain principle, in which the pain of the sentence would outweigh any pleasure to be gained from committing the crime. 4 The influence of the Classicalist theory has been both positive and negative with both presenting challenging arguments. As Jock Young argues the Classical argument has been immensely influential upon both the legal and criminal side of society. 5 Firstly the Classicalist theory presented a far more open and orderly justice system unlike its predecessor which was left at the discretion of the aristocracy. With the focus being upon the individual, and more importantly the individuals rights, a repressive attitude could no longer be taken in the Criminal Justice system. A sense of justice is given to all parts of society and not just a select few. The Classical theory is based on self interest of man, will and desire rather than that of God, making social problems easier to deal with and meaning that we have a society all working on the same basis of their reasoning ability. The basis of self interest as our motivation is something that all of society can relate to and provides a firm, realistic perhaps even materialistic foundation. 6 The tension in the theory between the rational self and the pursuit of self interest has been tempered, as Young says, by reason. We are all endowed with free will and the ability to reason and for this the law views us equally, meaning that the justice system can move towards an objective basis. A system which is both fair and objective can be relied upon and is far easier to debate any disputes than a subjective one. Classical theory has led to many legal system reforms but one of the most important is that of punishment, due mainly to its significance in the reform of criminals. Punishment has become proportionate to the crime committed thereby not only making the punishment fair and just but also acting as an effective deterrent against any future unlawful activity. The idea of a social contract coupled with free will gives individuals in society responsibility and choice and it is this responsibility which forces people to consider their actions. By forcing people to take responsibility for their actions society is asking the individual to consider mistakes they have made and how best to reform their ways. The Classical theory has set a standard which other theories can be compared to, it has moved the criminal justice system towards a more predictable, fair and effective position which can be relied upon. The Classical theory has given individuality to society meaning we live in a culture which relies upon itself to improve rather than others forcing us. The Classical theory has been limited by the assumption that all people are equal in front of the law. There cannot be equality in front of the law when society is immersed in inequality. The problem of fairness in individual cases becomes apparent when we consider that people are not endowed with equal capacity to reason. 8 Children and adults with mental illnesses cannot reason in an equal capacity to other people therefore how can they be tried in the same manner. Their decision to commit a crime may be due to an irrational decision therefore how is a case of this nature approached, the classical approach offers no answers. The introduction of mitigating circumstances as a possible solution could be countered in that it would conflict with the free will and rational argument upon which the Classical theory is based. The Classical theory also fails to recognise that crime is not distributed throughout society equally. The Classical argument suggests crime occurs due to temporary irrationality but this does not explain why crime occurs in predominately low income areas. Classical theory fails to recognise that the inequalities in society are often the cause of crime and when suggesting all are equal before the law we are confronted with a major contradiction. The inequality in society also highlights the difference between formal law and substantive law because certain individuals in society have the means to exploit the legal system through knowledge and lawyers whereas others cannot. 10 Similarly with punishments, which although may be proportional to the crime, affect members of society in noticeably different ways. For example a poorer individual may experience far greater implications upon being found guilty, in that they could lose income and any future work opportunities, whereas a more affluent person could still manage. It is clear that in an unequal society the argument for complete equality in law is met with many dilemmas. Lombroso would argue that the Classical theory is simply metaphysical speculation and that we are pre-determined, meaning personal characteristics are the reason behind crime. I however would not support the determinism argument because I dont believe we can be free from responsibility for our actions. Functionalism, a theoretical perspective that emphasizes how societies operate or function by highlighting the interdependence of individuals and institutions,11 has also challenged the argument put forward by the Classical theory. Durkheim believed that social activities contribute to the functioning of social systems12 and that crime was normal and had four functions. The first being that it highlights certain behaviours or attitudes because deviance causes proper moral behaviour. 13 Secondly by identifying deviants you are able to recognize group boundaries. Thirdly punishing deviance provides forums for collective action. 14 Finally deviance may bring about a social change. Functionalism provides a substantial argument against the classical theory because it attacks the premise that crime is due to irrational actions and is a detriment to society. Although the functionalism argument has been criticised for being in no position to focus on social conflict when it is based upon consensus and how the unity of people is for the good of society. The Classical theory has been scrutinized for not showing any focus towards the causes of crime simply arguing that individuals work on a pleasure-pain basis. However Beccaria argued that economic conditions, bad laws could cause crime. Additionally, he was clear that property crimes were committed primarily by the poor, and mainly out of necessity. 15 The Classical theorys main problem is that it continually contradicts itself which leads to various other problems. The Classical theory could only occur in a society free of inequality, not based on class or status. When this is met with the premise that individuals are self-seeking and motivated by their desire to excel you arrive at a contradiction which leaves it with little freedom to counter. A society which is based on the individual being motivated by their own objectives leaves an imbalance and inequality because obviously not everyone will reach the same standard. The Classical theory is attempting to have a justice system based on formal equality in a society which is substantively unequal. This has repercussions throughout the whole of the justice system and renders the classical theory in need of reform. The Classical theory obviously provoked a radical change to the justice system and forced elements which were brutal, unpredictable and unfair to be amended in a manner which suited all of society. Classicalism has brought about a justice system which can be relied upon and proposed the theory that deviance is due to irrationality and that individuals are self-seeking which is a premise all of society can relate to. However it is the focus upon the offence rather than the offender which has been its downfall. It has been accused of being inhumane and too formal. Inequality in society has been hidden by the equality in the justice system and for this reason it will always be limited in its approach. However the influence that Classicalism has had is vast with the idea that we are in control of our actions being at the heart of society today. Jock Young stated that classicalism has the largest history of any contemporary criminological theory but still continues to be a major influence both on institutions of social control and in controversies in criminology. 16 Both the Positivist and Classical argument are persuasive theories but a combination of both would obviously provide a stronger argument which would hopefully amend the faults they possess.

Clothespin Essay Example

Clothespin Essay Example Clothespin Essay Clothespin Essay Facilitator tells participant, You are to squeeze the clothespin as many times as you can for 1 minute using only your index finger and thumb. As you squeeze the clothespin, count how many times you are able to. With 10 seconds remaining, you will receive a warning. 2. Allow participant to begin when facilitators starts the stopwatch and says Begin. At 50 seconds, the facilitator must provide the 10 second warning saying, You have 10 seconds remaining. 3. At the end of the minute, the facilitator will take the clothespin, cord the number of clothespin squeezes, and wait 20 seconds. . At 20 seconds, the participant will do 30 jumping jacks. 5. After the 30 jumping jacks, the facilitator will give the clothespin back to the participant and will start the one minute timer. 6. Repeat steps 2 and 3 In this experiment, controlled variables include using the same clothespin, using the index finger and thumb to hold the clothespin, and all participants receiving the 10 second warning. The independent variable of the experiment is the jumping jacks performed by the participant. The dependent arable of the experiment is the number of squeezes of the clothespin in one minute. Data Collected: The data that was collected from this experiment does support the hypothesis. The hypothesis States that the participant will squeeze the clothespin fewer times after exercising because exercising takes energy, making squeezing the clothespin harder as less energy is getting to cells. Suggestions for Improvement: An error that could have occurred in this experiment is the inconsistency of how long it takes for the participant to do one jumping jack. This error is mainly based on human variety. Three additional variables that may have influenced the outcome of the experiment are age of participants, physical condition of participants, and the possibility of dropping the clothespin during the trial, causing the participant to restart the test. Suggestions for Further Research: Two other investigations that can be done are testing which arm muscle groups get fatigued while squeezing the clothespin and what exercise drains the most energy from the participant. To further support this experiments findings, the trials can be performed with a more diverse group of participants.

How to Write a Short Story with 11 Easy Steps for Satisfying Stories

How to Write a Short Story with 11 Easy Steps for Satisfying Stories How to Write a Short Story with 11 Easy Steps for Satisfying Stories You probably don’t think short stories are very hard to write.In fact, you might be the type who assumes short stories are even easier because, wellthey’re short.But that’s just not the case and I’ll tell you why in just a minute.If you want to learn how to write a short story, youll have to go through these main steps:Know your characterOutline your short storyStart with something out of the ordinaryGet your draft done as soon as possibleEdit your short storyTitle your short storyGet feedback about itPractice oftenWrite a short story every dayDefine your core messageWrite a satisfying endingBut before we dive into these exact methods for how to write a short story, let’s talk about why any and all writers should learn how to craft solid, captivating short stories, even if your end writing goal is to write full-length novels or even nonfiction. Why All Writers Should Learn How to Write a Good Short StoryThere’s a lot more to writing short st ories than you may think. Just because they’re shorter in length doesn’t mean it takes any less skill to execute a good one.In fact, being able to tell a full story in such a short amount of time arguably takes more skill than writing a full-length novel or nonfiction book.That being said, why is it beneficial for all writers to learn how to write a short story?NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Fiction Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it here#1 You learn the skill of showingWhen you only have a few pages to hook readers, paint a clear picture of the character, and tell a story, you end up mastering the skill of showing instead of telling. The reason for this is because,in order to accomplish a successful and good short story, showing is a major part of that.It’s far too difficult to write a great short story without showing the details and using strong verbs to pain t a clear image of your character’s life.Those skills will transfer into anything you write, automatically making it that much better. #2 You’ll strengthen individual chaptersNo matter if you’re a fiction writer or if you prefer nonfiction, the idea here is the same.A chapter is basically a short story that’s a part of a bigger whole. The sameskills you apply to write a great short story will also help you write stronger chapters.Each part of your book should be polished, strong, and enticing for your readers. Using short story writing methods will help you achieve that within your chapters.Why is writing good chapters important if there’s a whole book available for someone to read?Because it hooks readers and keeps them turning that page.And when readers look back on an entire book filled with incredible chapters, the entire book as a whole will be seen as being that much better.Hello, 5-star reviews!#3 It makes the story sections of your nonfiction book more captivatingEvery nonfiction book has portions where stories must be told in order to get the point across.This is what allows pe ople to relate to you as an author, which pulls them in deeper and makes the core message of your book resonate with them more.But if those stories are weak, not well-written, and lackluster, it’s unlikely someone will enjoy them as much.It’s also likely that your message will get lost because the book doesnt carry the same impact.How long are short stories?Short stories should remain below 7,000 words in order to be considered a short story. They can be as short as only one sentence, as this is known as flash fiction.You already know that short stories areshorter than your average novel but do they have any other difference?Here’s a chart detailing the main differences in how many words are in short stories, novels, novellas, and nonfiction works.Type of WritingWord CountPages in a Typical BookExampleShort story100 - 15,0001 - 24 pages"The Gift of the Magi" by O. HenryNovella30,000 - 60,000100 - 200 pages"A Clockwork Orange" by Anthony BurgessNovel60,000 - 100, 000200 - 350 pages"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone": by JK RowlingEpic Novel120,00 - 220,000+400 - 750+ pages"Game of Thrones" by George R.R. MartinAs you can see, the main difference is length, but that’s not all. When you write a short story, you’re only writing a very impactful snippet of your character’s otherwise full life.You don’t have to unpack your entire character’s life story in a few hundred words in order to write a great short story.How to Write a Short StoryIf you’re ready to tackle this avenue of creative writing or you just want to learn how to write a short story to strengthen the overall quality of your book, here’s how you can do that.#1 FocusonCharacterDevelopmentIn order for a short story to be impactful, you have to know your character well. Having good character development is essential in short stories, since your characters often drive the story.You only have a certain amount of time to show your reade rs who that person is and you can’t do that if you don’t even know who they are.Think about it.If you write a short story about your best friend, whom you’ve known for many years, versus writing one about someone you just met yesterday, you’ll be able to craft a much stronger story about your best friend because you know them so well.The same goes for your fictional characters.You don’t have to spend a ton of time on your main character, but know their history, age, personality, family life, friend life, love life, and other details that shape the way someone sees the world.Heres a sample of what a character arc typically looks like in a full novel:Keep in mind that since your short story is, well, shorter than a novel, you may remove a few steps. Knowing the overall character journey, however, can be helpful for character development within short stories.#2 OutlineThankfully, the outlining process for a short story is much easier than a full nove l, but I do still advise creating one in order to have a cohesive flow throughout the story.This is definitely useful for those of you who prefer outlining versus just writing by the seat of your pants.Here’s what your outline should encompass for a short story:The point of view you’ll useHow you’ll start the storyHow you’ll get from the beginning to the main issueWhat happens at the â€Å"climax† (yes, even short stories have one!)Resolution of the main issueThe very endKeep in mind that your short story can end very abruptly or you can flesh it out until there’s a satisfying ending.This is really up to you as an author to decide.Yes, even short stories need outlinesif you want them to feel complete, that is.Click To Tweet#3 Start with something out of the ordinaryIn order to hook readers with a short story, you should start with something that’ll catch someone’s attention right off the bat.Take Hannah Lee Kidder’s exa mple from the video above. One of the short stories in heranthology, Little Birds, opens with a woman collecting roadkill.Odd? Yes. Attention grabbing? You bet!Because we’re automatically intrigued by the fact that people don’t normally go around collecting roadkill.Now, you don’t have to start your short story with something as strange as that but you do want to give your readers a sense of who your character is by depicting something different right away that also has to do with the core focus of your short story.Take this short story called The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry, for example. This author starts with a very low money amount and then hits you with the fact that its Christmas the very next day.This is out of the ordinary because many readers understand that having such little money (scraped up money, at that) right before Christmas isnt typical. Its odd and also hits their emotions right away.#4 Get the draft done ASAPDone is better than perfect. We ’ve all heard or read these words time and time again and that’s because they’re important; they’re true.This is especially the case when it comes to short stories. Once you have your outline and know how to start writing, drafting the short story in full comes next. Don’t worry about editing or polishing the story up in any way right now. After all, you can’t possibly make good edits until you know what the story looks like in full.That would be like matching your earrings to your pants without first having the full outfit put together. You don’t know if those earrings work well with it until you see what else youll be wearing.It’s the same for writing. Focus on getting your draft done so you can move on to the next step.#5 Edit your short storyEditing is where the real magic happens when it comes to writing. We all have this idea in our minds that we’ll get it perfect the first time and that’s just not how wri ting works.Most of the time, your first draft is just the bare bones of what’s to come but through line editing, developmental edits, and proofreading, it will transform into something better.Think of the actual writing as the wooden structure of a house and the editing as the drywall, paint, windows, light fixtures, doors, and anything else that’ll make the house complete.These are a few things to keep an eye out for when editing your short story:Point of view consistencyTense consistency Consistency with the setting of your storyWeak verbs (replace them with our list of strong verbs found right here!)Showing versus telling (readers need you to show more!)Stronger imagerySpelling/grammar/dialogue The editing process for short stories is pretty much the same for novels. The only difference is that short stories tend to focus more on imagery and exposition than they do full character and plot development.#6 Title it!This can be one of the most difficult things for any book, let alone a story that’s only a few hundred to a few thousand words.The good news? Short story titles are a little less important than titles for novels. They can also be very abstract.What you want to think of when titling your short story is this:What’s the overarching theme?What is something unique about the story?What sounds intriguing but not explanatory? What makes sense after reading the short story?These questions will help you develop a title that not only makes sense, but is also intriguing enough to pull readers in while staying true to what the story is about.#7 Get feedbackNo matter how experienced (or inexperienced) you are as a writer, you need feedback.In order to learn and improve and ensure your message is coming across as desired, you need someone else’s fresh eyes on it.Heres an example of what feedback might look like if youre using Google Docs to write your short story:We need this help because the simple fact is, we’re too cl ose to our writing.It’s impossible to read your story with a critical eye when you’re the one who came up with and wrote it in the first place.Allowing others to read your work and offer feedback is one of the best ways to improve and make sure your story is exactly how you want it. #8 Practice by writing short stories oftenThe number one best way to learn how to write good short stories is by writing them often.When youre writing regularly, your brain falls into the habit of being creative and thinking in terms of short stories.The more you do it, the easier it will get and the more youll improve. So focus on writing a certain number of short stories per week and stick to that even if they arent your favorite.#9 Write one short story every day for 30 daysThis is separate from writing short stories often. If you really want to kickstart your progress and get really good quickly, then create a challenge for yourself.Write one short story, whether its 500 or 1,000 wor ds, per day for an entire month. When youre done, youll have 30 full short stories to review, edit, and improve upon. Doing this not only builds a habit, but it also gives you a lot of experience quickly.After those 30 days, youll know more about how you like to write short stories, which mean more to you, and how to write them to be good.#10 Focus on a single message to shareShort stories are known for being impactful even though theyre not novel-length.And that means they have to have a core theme or message you want to get across. This can be anything from loving yourself to ignoring societal expectations.In order to do this, think about what you want people to walk away from your story feeling.What is the desired outcome?If you just want people to enjoy the story, thats great. However, what makes a story impactful and enjoyable is whatreaderstakeawayfromit.Brainstorm some themes that are important to you and work your short story around them. This will not only make you care ab out your story more (which means itll be written better), but itll also make ti more satisfying for readers.#11 Tie it up with a satisfying ending Nobody likes a story that ends on a major cliffhanger.Its okay for your short story to have an unresolved ending. In fact, thatll likely be the case simply because the story iswell, short.But you do want to tie your story up in a way that leaves the reader feeling satisfied even if they didnt get all the answers.Many times, this means circling back to an idea or element presented in the beginning.This structure often allows readers to feel as though theyve read a complete story versus just a snippet of a larger one.Short stories arguably need BETTER, more satisfying endings than full-length novelsClick To TweetShort Story IdeasNow that you know how to write a short story, its time to put these new skills to the test with some short story ideas guaranteed to produce something interesting and intriguing.Here are 20 short story ideas to tak e your writing to the next level:Your character opens the mailbox to find their biggest fear inside.After a devastating fall, your character is learning the hardships of healing after an accident.Your character accidentally insults their companys CEO right before a big promotion.Your characterlost a child years ago but lives as if it just happened the day before.Your characters village wise woman tells the story of how magic was lost due to abuse.Your character lives in a space pod traveling space, and theyre also claustrophobic.Ash floated from the mountaintop and awoke your character from their nights sleep.Your character hasnt eaten in days and stumbles uponreal berries, and so does a starving bear.When your characters heart is broken, they must find a way to heal it any way.Your character is an orphaned 7-year-old who hears voices.Your character just found out they have a rare diseasethat hasnt been detected anywhere in centuries.After a fight with their ex, your character dec ides to go on a trip to the neighboring town that hosts veryunusual tales.Your character accidentally runs into the wrong person on the streetand now they cant sleep at night.When your character moves schools, they didnt expect to find a secret lurking throughout the schoolthat all the teachers know about.Its your characters turn in their cultures ritual of fighting a lion barehanded. Theyve never been good in fights.After extreme weather conditions plague your characters town, they finally leave home to find everybody has gone missing.Your character is in the back of an ambulance, trying desperately to revive someone whos apparently deadso why are they still away and breathing?After a short stint at a hospital as a nurse, your character decides to take their skills to the mountains as a wilderness medical professional. They just didnt expect to find odd and interesting injuries among campers.An apple appears at your characters front door every morning and they cant figure out whos putting it there.When an avalanche quakes the mountains in your characters town, it unveils something thats been hidden formillenia.Tips for Writing with Short Story Ideas:Sometimes short story ideas are enough but if you want to utilize them effectively, keep these tips in mind:#1 Keep it simple and focus on a single portion of a characters life#2 Make sure the reader has a clear picture of your character right away#3 Focus on the theme and message youre trying to get across#4 Let the short story idea create a life of its own#5 Be unique and think of many possible endings to the story before outliningHowtoStartWritingYourShortStoriesNow you know how to write a short story! But how do you go from having all this knowledge in your brain to actually writing a short story worth reading?We’ve got those next steps for you.#1 Free TrainingLearning how to write a short story is only the first step toward becoming a published author and we have the rest of them for you.

Cirque du Soleil Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Cirque du Soleil - Case Study Example (Cascio, W. (1998) Modes of communications are extremely open and the authorities that certain hierarchical titles could impose are practically imaginary. And a Cirque du Soleil core value is respect for cultural diversity. Inspite of the incessant growth that the company has experienced, it has always known how to ensure solidity among employees and maintain a strong sense of belonging. Cirque had tried decentralizing management into three regional divisions The management at Cirque Du Soleil aims at providing "presenting a unique blend of creation and the performing arts, of architecture and the arts in general." the company had only one goal with respect to the customer: "When a customer enters the big top, he will have an experience he will never forget." the management by creating an employee newsletter, la boule, composed of employee submissions that were uncensored. The company's basic objective is to provide an affordable form of entertainment to the audience. Basically, by reinventing the concept of circus. By employing new and innovative individuals with unique skills in the business , companies can expect profits to rise . Payne, T. (2000) The casting director for Cirque, said it was a constant challenge to find the right artists Cantin tried to select artists to fit into the currently conceived productions, she also looked for their potential contributions to future productions at Cirque. Recruiting sources are methods used by organizations to transmit information about open positions to potential applicants (Breaugh 1992). Traditionally trained artists learned, often for the first time, to perform in an intensely multicultural background (A.R. (2002). When hiring artists from different countries, Cantin took into consideration what their no artistic needs were. During auditions, Cantin tried to measure two key dimensions besides pure talent: "Can they continue to develop" and "Can they be generous in the show" The paradox of hiring people, who were really good at what they did, for what they did have to be aligned with the primary work of the organization. Management Level: This can actually get pretty complex and in order to carry this out the Staff at human resource department need to carry out staffing activities. This can be done through the training of employees, recruitment of new employees, rotation of the current employees, lying of f of any staff that can be deemed extra. The bottom line is to get the right staff, with the right skills at the right place.' Management is about coping with complexity' (Gabarro, 1992) Thus, it can be concluded that the Strategic staffing process are easy to use and implement and

The term Eloquence as it relates to rhetoric Essay

The term Eloquence as it relates to rhetoric - Essay Example Also concr. eloquent language. Primarily of oral utterance, and hence applied to writing that has the characteristics of good oratory. In modern use: the notion of impassioned utterance is more prominent". History has produced a number of statesmen and philosophers who were physically weak and frail old men, but who with their sharp tongues and a nimble mind, would speak so sublimely in a simple and lucid manner that even the meanest despot would think twice before acting in haste. Eloquence is a tool and a facilitator that helps an ordinary speaker to become an orator. An orator would again use strong rhetoric to force out an issue in his own favour. In short, eloquence, rhetoric and oratory are interlinked. Eloquence when combined with oratory becomes powerful and when the two combine with rhetoric, the combination can become deadly and powerful, moving armies to inaction and turning the speaker from a position of weakness to a position of strength. The Oxford Dictionary emphasises this point and when Marc Antony speaks out to the citizens of Rome he begins with ‘Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears, for I have come to bury Caesar and not praise him’. In all probability, if Marc Antony had become a tirade of anger and wrong doing or even treachery against Brutus and this gang, then the crowd would not have rose to punish Brutus and the history of the world would have been different (Rawson, 1978). Eloquence is not about using very high blown language or even using complex terms and ideas and it is not about brow beating an audience into accepting a high sounding speech that they do not understand. Rather it is using ordinary words and phrases and combining them to force the audience into thinking on a different track. It is not about rabble rousing though leaders down the ages, have used it for waging mutiny

How Computers Effect Our Daily Lives Essay Example for Free

How Computers Effect Our Daily Lives Essay 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Communication Communication is defined as a process. We determine and convey it meaning in an attempt to create shared understanding. This process requires a vast repertory of skills in listening, observing, speaking, questioning, analyzing, and evaluating. Use of these processes is developmental and transfers to all areas of life as home, school, community, work, and beyond. Union and support occur owing to communication. 1.2 The Importance of Communication Communication is easily overlooked, but it is necessary to carry out the thoughts and visions of an organization to the people . The importance of speech and words whether through a paper or a voice is a communication medium to convey directions. Without communication, there is no way to express thoughts, ideas and feelings. There are many ways to provide communication from the organization to the people of your community. Whether through a phone, fax, email, letter, website, you are able to communicate your organization to the world. Things can be expressed, ideas can be shared, and thoughts can be joined. The ability and the importance of communication become much more crucial when you are on a purpose or need to perform aim. The ability to effectively communicate is very important when it is usually underestimated and overlooked. Men and women have different communication forms in many places such as at home, at work and in social life. 2. COMMUNICATION BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN AT HOME Women always are under the responsibility at home. They incline chores in the family. Men only are to have a say on important issues. When they decide about the subject, women usually express their opinions. Men decide to determine with their attitudes. A writer says in her article â€Å" The relation between the sexes occurs around a single concept: superiority of man; women are a lower position in value, reputation and power issues.† ( FiÅŸek 5 ) In fact, we can divide into two section at this point as the behaviors of men and the behaviors of women. 2.1 The Behaviors of Men As we said above, when men decide about one subject, they see themselves superior than women. The study was done about it in the U.S.A by Sandra Lipsitz Bem. According to him, â€Å" Men are characters putting themselves out, independent, determined and risk-taking.† Characteristic of men’s sexual role are more pronounced than women in our society. It is an obvious situation that men are always at the front and on stage. If we think these on men, results aren’t surprising. This is an expected finding in a culture where male dominance. 2.2 The Behaviors of Women Women have great responsibilities in the home. Care of children, chores, attitude toward her husband are very important for them. If a woman is a female employee, it is also important. Women become more sensitive and soft communicating with men. They try to talk about the events. This situation is relevant training of girls and boys. â€Å" The researches which done in our society on educational and development differences between the sexes shows that men were aggressive and competitive. They are trained in establishing power and domination. It shows that women are raised for interpersonal relationship.† ( FiÅŸek 8 ) Women create feelings of closeness by conversing with their friends. But men dont use this way in communication, so they cant figure out why their women are continually talk, talk, talking. Eventually, many men just tune their women out. The ubiquitous image of the housewife at the breakfast table talking to her husband who has his head buried in the newspaper comes to mind. Tannen observed that, â€Å" For males, conversation is the way you negotiate your status in the group and keep people from pushing you around; you use talk to preserve your independence for boys, activities, doing things together, are central. Just sitting and talking is not an essential part of friendship. Theyre friends with the boys they do things with.†As a result, women should inhibit men’s repression to gain themselves strenght. They should exhibit required behaviors to be of equal status. In next section, we will deal with communication between men and women at work. 3.COMMUNICATION BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN AT WORK Communication is very important for gender in the business life. Problems may arise between sexes at various time.Men and women use strategies in with each other that the opposite sex may view negatively. Often, misunderstandings can be avoided when co-workers look beyond personalities and consider the different ways men and women communicate.Women are more verbally skilled than men. Men’s goals in using tend to be about getting things done whereas women’s tend to be about making connections to other people. Men talk to more things and fact whereas women walk more about people relationship and feeling. Journalist Katja Ridderbusch says in an article: â€Å" The problem between men and woman in the workplace is not the fact that they play by a different set of rules†, Connie Glaser points out(she is America’s guru of gender talk). â€Å"The problem is that they don’t know these rules.† She considers herself a translator, a mediator between the male and the female culture. A supporter of women in the business world. But she is not a feminist, nor does she hate men, quite the opposite. With her husband Tom, who serves as the president to the American-Israel Chamber of Commerce in Atlanta, she has two sons, 22 and 24 years old. In a household of three men, she says, â€Å"you quickly learn to become very thick skinned.† As in all field, there are also several problems at work. The sexes should do whatever is necessary to solve them. We can see more detailed this issue with two sub-title as success of men and the value given women in business life by society. 3.1 The Success of Man Business life has become a universe to men until recent years. According to them, it is built on male values and behaviors. Even writer Leyla Navaro talks about that an attitude emerged under the name of ‘professional behavior’ in her book. Furthermore, it is an enviable behavior’s definition. of authority. Men criticise business interest to pass in human relationship. It includes comportments as supress feeling, impersonality, decide quickly, compete use of authority. Business conducts have been to expected of women because men think in this way.Research results that measure the relationship between high intelligence and success indicates that a high propotion of men. Men don’t want to query their achievements in competition with women. There are also times they are unlucky. † Male job applicants have to prove that they possess the necessary skills, whereas women are just assumed to possess them. In todays increasingly service-based economy, this may not be good news for men†. (â€Å" Do men and women the same language†) As shown in this article, although women are more comfortable communicating, unfortunately men don’t have this feature. 3.2 The Value Given Women in Business Life by Society Although men and women work under the same conditions, the society doesn’t value women enough. A study which done on the success resulted different in women. Two thirds of those continue their lives as housewife. The others work in small position at workplace. According to Alice Rose: â€Å" The society expect achievements appropriate to their abilities of men. Whereas women do business under the talent and skills. We don’t wink at this situation and we will support them at the same time.† A successful women wants to move away both men and other women. Due to competition and jealously, women want to leave alone her. According to them, this is the most effective way of punishing a woman. Women are continious communication in society. Pushing out events affects profoundly them. Internal concerns such as unloved, exclusion lead to failure for women in business life and reduce their potential powers. They strive to show loyalty and retation to workplace. They show de pendent and helpless behaviors in the face of authority figures. This situation exposes that how much value given to women in society. If women defend their rights, they can gain their freedom at work.In last section,we will look at communication between men and women in social life.

Four Myth Theories :: essays research papers

Four Theories of Myth There are four basic theories of myth. Those theories are: the rational myth theory, functional myth theory, structural myth theory, and the phsycological myth theory. The rational myth theory states that myths were created to explain natural events and forces. Functional myths are what you call the kinds of myths that were created as a type of social control. The third myth theory is the structural myth theory. This theory says that myths were patterned after human mind and human nature. The phsycological myth theory is the fourth myth theory which states that myths are based on human emotion. The rational myth theory states that myths were made to better understand natural events and forces that occurred in the everyday lives of people. This theory also explains that the gods and goddesses controlled all of these happenings of nature. Examples of this type of myth are creation myths from different cultures. Creation myths explain how man was created and explain what the gods and goddesses used and what actions they took to create humans. These myths also tell what substances were used (if any) in order for man to exist. The existence of man is a natural event but creation myths give other explanations. The functional myth theory talks about how myths were used to teach morality and social behavior. It states that myths told about what types of things should and shouldn’t be done, and the consequences for those wrong doings. The functional myth theory also states that myths were created for social control and served the function of insuring stability in a society. A story about a tribe who rebelled against the great serpent, Degei, is a good example of a functional myth. This story is about a tribe who learned many skills from their great serpent god, Degei, and then became Degei’s workers and servants. Two chiefs of this tribe were sick of working for him and tried to defeat him; they were too weak for Degei. Instead of winning their freedom, they were killed in a great flood caused by Degei. This myth is trying to say that you should not be lazy because if you are, then you will regret it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Structural myths are said to be myths based on human emotion. These types of myths show the two sides of the human mind; the good side and the bad side. They show the divided self and the duality of human nature.

Roderick Mullen

Chapter 15 The West and the Changing Balance of Power Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of the following was NOT a symptom of decline in the Arabic caliphate by 1400? A) The narrowing of intellectual life symbolized by the triumph of religion over literature, philosophy, and science B) Landlords seized power over peasants C) The decline of the Sufis D) Decline of tax revenues for the state E) Landlords ceased to experiment with new agricultural techniques. 2) By what date had the Arabs been virtually excluded from European trade? A) 900 B) 1000 C) 1100 D) 1350 E) 1453 ) Which of the following statements concerning Arabic trade after 1100 is most accurate? A) Arabic control of the seas was strengthened following 1100. B) Although Arabic trade was reduced, Muslims remained active in world markets. C) The total collapse of the Islamic world in the 12th century can best be compared to the fall of the Roman Empire. D) The Arab trading complex was reduced after 1100 to the Middle East. E) Their economic decline could be compared to that of Rome. 4) Which of the following statements concerning the political fragmentation of the Arabic world in the 1400s is most accurate?A) After the fall of the Abbasid caliphate, the emerging Ottoman Empire soon mastered most of the lands of the old caliphate plus the Byzantine corner. B) The political fragmentation caused by the fall of Baghdad lasted for several centuries under the decentralized administration of the Seljuk Turks. C) The Mongol conquests eliminated any form of centralized government in the Middle East until the 17th century. D) Following the fall of the Abbasid caliphate, the Middle East became part of the colonial empire of the emerging feudal states of western Europe.E) The political system was chaotic for 300 years until the rise of a new political order under the Ottoman Turks. 5) Which of the following statements concerning the Ottoman Empire is most accurate? A) The rise of the Ottoman Empire restored the ful l international vigor that the Islamic caliphate had possessed. B) Turkish rulers promoted trade more actively than did their Arab predecessors. C) The expansionist power of the Ottoman Empire was very real, but the focus on conquest and administration overshadowed wider commercial ambitions. D) The Ottoman Empire had no expansionist interests or capabilities.E) The Ottomans competed with western Europe for Atlantic trade. 6) What area represented a new conquest for the Ottoman Empire in the late 1400s? A) Asia Minor B) North Africa C) Southeastern Europe D) Mesopotamia E) Russia 7) Which of the following statements concerning the Ottoman Empire is most accurate? A) Turkish rulers did not promote maritime trade as vigorously as had the Arabs. B) Scientific and philosophical investigations reached the level of innovation that they had enjoyed under the Abbasids. C) The Turks refused to patronize the traditional Persian artists and craftsmen who had dominated the later Abbasid court.D ) The Ottomans were more interested in cultural patronage than in military organization. E) The Ottomans never mastered the full territorial extent of the old caliphate. 8) Which of the following civilizations first attempted to fill the commercial vacuum created by the decline in Arabic trade? A) Russia B) Japan C) China D) India E) Sub-Saharan Africa 9) What Chinese dynasty succeeded the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China? A) Chou B) Ming C) Han D) Tang E) Qing 10) What was the innovation launched by the Ming dynasty? A) Receiving tribute payments from Korea and Japan B) Extending their political control over Vietnam and KoreaC) Use of a centralized bureaucracy but under the direct control of the emperor D) Mounting huge, state-sponsored trading expeditions throughout Asia and beyond E) The use of gunpowder weapons on both land and naval vessels 11) In what year did the Ming dynasty halt state-sponsored commercial voyages? A) 1358 B) 1405 C) 1433 D) 1487 E) 1453 12) What admiral command ed China? s great overseas expeditions between 1405 and 1433? A) Zhenghe B) Jung Tzi Lung C) Xun Xi D) Yan Xuanshang E) Chenla Khmer 13) Which of the following was NOTa reason used by the Ming dynasty to halt the trading expeditions?A) The opposition of the scholar-gentry and bureaucracy B) The technological inferiority of Chinese ships and navigation C) The growing military expenses of the campaigns against the Mongols D) The traditional preference of the Chinese for Asian products E) The expense of building the new capital in Beijing 14) Which of the following statements concerning the cessation of state-sponsored trade by the Ming dynasty is most accurate? A) The cessation of trade severely damaged the internal economy of China and produced the inevitable peasant revolutions that overthrew the Ming dynasty.B) The end of international trade signaled a general decentralization of government in Ming China. C) Because of the Chinese dependence on imports from abroad, the decision to end the state-sponsored expeditions was particularly critical in initiating cultural decline. D) In Chinese terms, it was the brief emphasis on trading and commerce that was unusual, not its cessation. E) China had long emphasized internal development at the expense of trade. 15) Which of the following was NOT a drawback to the West? s emergence as a global power? A) Western nations lacked the political coherence and organizing ability of imperial China.B) The West did not begin to establish key maritime and commercial links until after 1600. C) The Catholic church, long one of the organizing institutions of Western civilization, was under attack. D) The lives and economic activities of ordinary Europeans, the artisans and peasants, were in serious disarray. E) Population loss caused further economic disarray and lack of strong leadership. 16) Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor to the economic crises of the 14th century? A) Withdrawal from the global trading networ k B) Bubonic plague C) Lack of technological advance in agriculture D) Recurrent famineE) Labor shortages 17) What proportion of the European population died as a result of the 14th century plague? A) One tenth B) One fourth C) One third D) One half E) One eighth 18) Which of the following was NOT a source of Western dynamism in the 14th and 15th centuries? A) The strengthening of feudal monarchy B) The growth of cities and urban economies C) Advances in metallurgy D) Two centuries of peace among the major European nations E) A cultural reawakening 19) Strong regional monarchies took hold in the decades around 1400 in A) Russia and Poland. B) the Ottoman Empire. C) Spain and Portugal.D) Germany and Austria. E) Italy and Greece. 20) In what region of Europe did the Renaissance begin? A) Germany B) Italy C) France D) England E) Spain 21) In comparison to medieval culture, Renaissance culture was A) more concerned with Aristotelian philosophy. B) more concerned with things of the earth ly world. C) disinterested in classical models. D) based less on urban vitality and expanding commerce. E) more other-worldly and religious. 22) Which of the following was NOT one of the reasons that Italy emerged as the center of the early Renaissance? A) Italy was spared the Black Plague due to its geographic location.B) Italy retained more contact with Roman traditions than did the rest of Europe. C) Italy led the West by the 14th century in banking and trade. D) Italy had closer contacts with foreign scholars, particularly those in late Byzantium. E) Italy was more urbanized than most of Europe. 23) What Florentine painter led the way in the movement toward nature and people as the primary subject matter of Renaissance art? A) Giotto B) Petrarch C) Masaccio D) Fra Angelico E) Boccaccio 24) What Italian city-state was best placed to engage in the new, Western-oriented commercial ventures of the 15th century? A) Rome B) Florence C) GenoaD) Pisa E) Padua 25) Along with Italy, a key center for change in the 14th and 15th centuries was A) France. B) Germany. C) England. D) the Iberian peninsula. E) Austria. 26) What was unique about the development of states in the Iberian peninsula? A) These governments were based on city-states rather than nation-states. B) Based on Castile and Aragon, the Iberian states were unique in their adoption of Islam. C) Spain and Portugal developed effective new governments with a special sense of religious mission and religious support. D) The states of Spain and Portugal were able to develop without emphasis on the military.E) They had never participated in the feudal practices of the Middle Ages which made them more open to change. 27) What was the Western response to the problems of international trade that they experienced in 1400? A) Western nations halted trade with Asia and the East and became more dependent on European-produced commodities. B) Many nations sought to establish alliances with the Ottoman Empire in order to re store the trade routes. C) Overland trade routes through northern Russia were established to the East. D) Western nations began explorations of alternative routes to Asia that would bypass the Middle East and Muslim realms.E) They began to pull back from all but regional trade networks found in the eastern Mediterranean. 28) The key theme of Polynesian culture from the 7th century to 1400 was A) the adoption of Japanese civilization in the island societies. B) the development of a uniform written script. C) contraction as a result of the world-wide epidemic of the 14th century. D) spurts of migration and conquest that spread beyond the initial base in the Society Islands. E) large-scale expeditions of discovery which were aimed at establishing colonies in South America. 29) Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Hawaiian culture? A) UrbanizationB) Animal husbandry featuring swine C) Warlike regional kingdoms D) Highly stratified social structure E) Use of imported animals such as pigs 30) Which of the following represents a significant difference between New Zealand and Hawaii? A) Art based on carved wood B) A cold and harsh climate C) A highly stratified society D) A society based on warfare E) Tribal military leaders 31) The practice of judging other peoples by the standards and practices of one? s own culture of ethnic group is A) ethnocentrism. B) genocide. C) anthropomorphism. D) aversionism. E) localism. 32) Which of the following statements is most accurate?A) Without European intervention, there is no reason to believe that the Inca and Aztec empires could not have survived for several more centuries. B) Without European interference, the likelihood is that the Inca Empire would have overwhelmed the Aztecs and established a unified government in the Americas. C) Because of internal weaknesses, both the Inca and the Aztec empires were receding and might not have survived, even if the Europeans had not arrived. D) Prior to the arrival of the Eu ropeans, both the Inca and the Aztec empires had been replaced by other, indigenous governments.E) Both the Inca and the Aztecs stopped exploiting subject peoples after 1500 due to the intervention of the Black Plague. 33) Which of the following was NOT a result of the European contact with sub-Saharan Africa after 1500? A) Trade patterns in west Africa shifted from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic B) Trade shifted in west Africa from Muslim to European hands C) Seizure of slaves for European use affected many regions deeply D) Regional kingdoms lost all influence in west Africa and were replaced by European governments E) European weapons played an increasing role in the tribal conflicts between north and south.

Memo- Gazprom and Itera Essay

In the case study of Gazprom and Itera, we see how different companies and governmental organizations can potentially be able to exploit a large company such as Gazprom for a large profit. Gazprom is a large gas and oil company that is valued very cheaply compared to other large oil and gas companies (such as Exxon Mobil). Browder is a shareholder of Gazprom that identifies several questionable transactions that were done by Gazprom and other organizations that have relationships with Gazprom. He is questioning why the undervaluation could have occurred based on the business being conducted by the oil giant. The problem that exists for Gazprom is that the market perceives the company to have lost 99 percent of its assets, completely devaluing the price of its goods. In reality, only 10 percent of its assets were stolen, and the market is slowly trying to catch up to that truth. Browder is attempting to identify the transactions in order to solve the large problem at hand. These transactions include organizations that work with Gazprom such as Itera (a gas trading company) and PricewaterhouseCoopers (their internal auditor) devaluing the gas and oil Gazprom held in certain situations and reselling it for a profit. In one example, Itera bought gas valued at $35 a barrel from Turkmen gas and resold it to Gazprom for $45 a barrel. PwC thought this difference was acceptable due to transportation costs, even though those were already taken care of separately. In general, the lack of transparency and accountability being administered by management in Gazprom and its partner companies was a fail ure to its stockholders. Browder’s recommendations to the Russian government are vital, mainly due to the fact that it has a 38% controlling stake in Gazprom. Because the vast majority of the operations conducted by Gazprom occur within Russia’s boundaries, it is up to the government to set the correct standards and close loopholes so that organizations and individuals will not exploit such situations. Browder’s recommendations to the U.S. and to the Board of Directors of Gazprom could be essential for enacting change within the  corporate environment to prevent such scrupulous transactions. Though these changes could prove helpful in the reorganization of the company in the long run, the international political environment does not provide Gazprom with the best situation. The fact that Russia’s governmental body has so much stake in the company can greatly complicate things due to the personal influence of those running the government. Several members of the Russian government could fulfill a personal agenda using the government’s stake in the company as leverage (this could have been the case potentially with these transactions). This is also the case with PwC and Itera, both with a lot of power to take advantage of loopholes and other lucrative situations when it comes to Gazprom. There are several things Browder can do to combat this situation, but I think his strategy will be a difficult one to execute alone. He would need to collect more shareholder power before he steps forward with the resolutions. Involving the U.S. and Russian government will be difficult due to the lethargic manner in which these situations can be resolved. Taking care of the company from within should be he first move, but only with the appropriate number of people backing his plan.

How to Deal With Stress at Work

How to Deal With Stress at Work Work stress is the great equalizer. High salary, low salary, doesn’t matter. The reasons might vary (deadlines, awful boss, workload), but everyone faces stress at some point in his or her career. There’s even a commonality in the source of these stresses: something is off balance. Too much to do, not enough time. Too many demands, not enough space to fulfill them to others’ expectations. Managing the stresses before they turn into performance issues or a huffy resignation letter is key- but how do you do that? Here are some common work stresses:Looming deadlinesToo much to do at onceOffice politicsWork/life balanceJob uncertaintyInsecurity/lack of confidenceFor all of these, it would be great to say that doing more yoga, or incentivizing yourself with personal rewards would solve the problem. However, while those are really excellent coping mechanisms for stress in general, they may not do much to address the underlying problems at work.Instead, take the time to confront the stresses head-on with a series of questions:What is causing this?Identify what’s behind the stress, and be realistic. It may be that you’re mad at your coworker for dropping the ball and leaving you with work, but is he or she really the source of your stress? Or is it that you have too many priorities to begin with, and the dropped ball was just one ball too many?What would my ideal situation be?While envisioning yourself on a beach with beverage of choice in your hand is nice, it’s not really the type of vision that would help here. This means taking a realistic assessment of what would make you less stressed and more fulfilled in your job. Would it be fewer meetings? More time built into your schedule for specific projects? A juggling of priorities with your manager so that you have the space to achieve your best results?Can I take steps to make this closer my ideal situation?Even seemingly un-budgeable stress factors, like hard deadlines or bos ses/colleagues who are just impossible to work with, can have some flexibility. It may be too late to change things for this round of deadline stress, but it’s not too late to come up with a plan for the next round. Maybe you’d like to have more advance notice on something, or maybe your boss would be open to restructuring your workload in the future so that there’s not such a crunch. If the stress is personality-based conflict with colleagues, maybe you can sit down with them to figure out the best way for you to mesh your styles on projects in the future. (Of course, this hinges on your ability to say, â€Å"I’d like to talk about how we can effectively work together on projects like this† instead of â€Å"dude, you’re driving me crazy.†)If not, what do I want to do to prevent this from being my normal?This is the â€Å"deep in your bones† check. If the disconnect between the ideal and the reality is just too big, or if makin g small changes won’t make your job any more fulfilling, it could be time to start looking around for a different job. The stress could be compounded by trying to push through inconvenient gut feelings. Having an exit strategy doesn’t mean you aren’t tough, or can’t hack it at your current job†¦think of it as an insurance policy for your sanity.

Writing a Paragraph Developed With Reasons

Writing a Paragraph Developed With Reasons College writing assignments often call on students to explain why: Why did a certain event in history take place? Why does an experiment in biology produce a particular result? Why do people behave the way they do? This last question was the starting point for Why Do We Threaten Children With the Bogeyman? - a students paragraph developed with reasons. Notice that the paragraph below begins with a quotation meant to grab the readers attention: You better stop wetting your bed, or else the bogeyman is going to get you. The quotation is followed by a general observation that leads to the topic sentence of the paragraph: There are several reasons why young children are so often threatened with a visit from the mysterious and terrifying bogeyman. The rest of the paragraph supports this topic sentence with three distinct reasons. Example Paragraph Developed with Reasons As you read the students paragraph, see if you can identify the ways in which she guides the reader from one reason to the next. Why Do We Threaten Children With the Bogeyman?You better stop wetting your bed, or else the bogeyman is going to get you. Most of us probably remember a threat like this one being delivered at one time or another by a parent, babysitter, or older brother or sister. There are several reasons why young children are so often threatened with a visit from the mysterious and terrifying bogeyman. One reason is simply habit and tradition. The myth of the bogeyman is handed down from generation to generation, like the tale of the Easter Bunny or the tooth fairy. Another reason is the need to discipline. How much easier it is to frighten a child into good behavior than to explain to her just why she should be good. A more sinister reason is the perverse delight some people get out of scaring others. Older brothers and sisters, in particular, seem to thoroughly enjoy driving youngsters to tears with stories of the bogeyman in the closet or the bogeyman under the bed. In short, the bogeyman is a convenient myth that will probably be used to haunt children (and sometimes actually cause them to wet their beds) for a long time to come. The three phrases in italics are sometimes called reason and addition signals: transitional expressions that guide the reader from one point in a paragraph to the next. Notice how the writer begins with the simplest or least serious reason, moves to another reason, and finally shifts to a more sinister reason. This pattern of moving from least important to most important gives the paragraph a clear sense of purpose and direction as it builds toward a logical conclusion (which links back to the quotation in the opening sentence). Reason and Addition Signals or Transitional Expressions Here are some other reason and addition signals: alsoa more important reasonat timesbesidesin additionfor this reasonfurthermorein the first place, in the second placemore importantly, most importantlymoreovernextto begin with These signals help to ensure cohesion in paragraphs and essays, thus making our writing easier for readers to follow and understand.

Adoptive Children, it's in Their Genes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adoptive Children, it's in Their Genes - Essay Example The abstract suggests that certain personality traits can either be learned or simply inherited. The article presents the case of Jenae Neiderhise whose biological traits resemble that of her adoptive parents. However, her difference with them is marked by her educational achievement as she finished her doctoral degree. She is currently a psychology professor. On the contrary, the adoptive family had family members who weren’t able to finish college. Jenae tried to research about her biological family and later learned that some of her relatives were also highly-educated. As a consequence, she took interest in researching about genetics, particularly that of adoptive families. In fact, she is not just an ordinary researcher. Her findings were even funded by the National Institutes of Health, an institution that studies families and open adoption. The early findings of her research were presented in earlier issues of the journal. Nevertheless, the article presents the following interesting revelations that Neiderhise stumbled upon her research: Other important findings such as impact of inheritance on religiousness, environmental impact, aggression, academic achievement and ability to bond were included in the article. In conclusion, the article illustrated that genetics still play a role in most traits although it does not fully answer the question: nurture or nature? Rather, the article asserts that interaction of environment with good genetic factors is the real thing. It argues that: Â  "The way you parent has an impact on your child, but part of the way you parent is determined by your child," says Neiderhiser. "Its not your fault if things go wrong, nor do you get all the credit if things go

Pp2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pp2 - Essay Example One article praises the quality of Japan’s management style and sates that British managers are trying to learn from the competitive model of Japanese management style. Another article points out the weak aspects of Iranian hospital management. The article helps us to make a detailed comparison with the hospital industries UK and Japan. The literature also illustrates the various reasons why hospital industries in UK and Japan have better management quality than that of other countries like Iran. The majority of developed countries seek convergence of different management styles which are found successful in practical business operation. The article on Iranian hospital management points out the absence of effective interaction between the managers and other employees. Iranian managers maintain exceedingly distinguished position in the organizations which ultimately will have adverse effect on the interpersonal relationship. On the other hand, the managers of other regions main tain comparatively positive approach to knowledge sharing and collective teamwork. As the article states, there is little distance between managers and other individuals in the British style of organizational management. Instead of personal management, rather broad and collaborative information sharing has become the major facet of modern business management. Therefore, the mode of leadership is a significant factor that determines business success. The quality and effectiveness of workforce is subjected to leadership style. HR management should be the major concern business strategy. Successful companies spend time and effort to develop their managerial functions. Countries like Iran need to heed their genuine concern to research on other organizational cultures and business management styles. The first part of the research is to investigate the common theories associated with the organizational management. The theory part will be helpful in order to

Mapping and The Geometry of Form and Function of Cities Dissertation

Mapping and The Geometry of Form and Function of Cities - Dissertation Example However, these models fail to address the very issues related to urban form. The development of these contemporary models does not take into account the urban development geometry. Instead, these are developed at an aggregate level. Batty and Longley (p. 72, 1994) comment ‘The best way to begin describing fractals is by example. A coastline and a mountain are examples of natural fractals, a crumpled piece of paper an example of an artificial one. However, such irregularity which characterizes these objects is not entirely without order and this order is to be found in fractals in terms of the following three principles. First, fractals are always self-similar, at least in some general sense. On whatever scale, and within a given range you examine a fractal, it will always appear to have the same shape or same degree of irregularity. The 'whole' will always be manifest in the 'parts'; look at a piece of rock broken off a mountain and you can see the mountain in the part. Look at the twigs on the branches of a tree and you can see the whole tree in these, albeit at a much reduced scale.’ Although, it has been observed that there is an acceptable level of consistency between such models and urban form but when it comes to the geometrical considerations of urban development, these are not dependent upon the processes and mechanisms (Bertuglia et al, 1987). The urban system models which are theoretical in nature, like the urban economics models, have shown a dependency upon the urban form through a set of assumptions. However, urban form has been defined by these models in terms of treating urban space as quite simple (Thrall, 1987). Hence, building a model which links a given form to statics and dynamics is very difficult because the relevance of form is considered as given and not something that arises out of the forces in action. As a consequence of this, all the research that has been conducted in urban form is considered to be highly idiosyncratic. However, as a result of some major developments during the last decade the science of form has seen some significant changes, especially within the areas of mathematics and physics. These developments have been brought about by the requirement to establish a connection between urban form and growth processes. In addition to this, another driving force has been the analysis of natural forms on the basis of the occurrence of the geometry of the irregular. Remarkable developments in the area of computer graphics have initiated the mathematical description and visualization of the urban forms. Making use of mathematical principles on fragmented structures, visualization has achieved a milestone (Mandeibrot, 1983). The developments have come about in terms of simulating natural forms (like landscapes) in a simple, yet realistic manner. This majorly involves addition of fractal ideas to produce simulations which are more conventional. This gets further deepened into theoretical ideas whi ch involves the generation of fractal structures through physical processes. The physics of critical

Exploring visions of capitalism exits

Exploring visions of capitalism exits What is capitalism? Based on (Fulcher J 2004), capitalism is en essentially investment of money in the expectation of making profit. Thus, capitalism is a special social structure where both the selling and buying of commodities organized by capital dominate human economic activities. Capitalism has expanded in social relations of production, distribution and consumption. In this essay, Im going to talk about the several visions and also the terms of capitalism, also not forget how has the global capitalist systemevolved over the two centuriesà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ There are several types of visions of capitalism exits. Liberal vision means an economy with self-regulating market with free trade and no state will step in to interference. Marxian vision which expand global system but based on exploitation of workers by capitalists and liable to crisis as result of gap between total wages and value of goods and services. Schumpeterian vision stresses the role of entrepreneur investment and saving in order to gain profit and also over-investment in the market. Polanyian vision which is stresses utopian nature of free market and dependence on state intervention, leading to social strains to generate demand for state regulation. Lastly, Keynesian vision which is try to reach equilibrium below full employment levels. In order to keep the full employment, state has to put money into the economy to restore confidence and boost demand. According to (Makoto Itoh1988) merchant capitalism has grown about two and half centuries until the middle of the eighteenth century for the explosive expansion of world trade with the invention of new continent and worldwide sea routes. It is a term described by economist that an earliest phase in the development of capitalism. Based on ((Randy Hodson,Teresa A.Sullivan 2008), merchant capitalism grew not as a way to organized production but as a way to organize trade. (Fulcher J 2004) stated that merchant capitalism is the investment in order to generate huge profit by risk and long-distance trading ventures , and the profit is the result of scarcity and distance. Merchants have to made money by investing in goods that they sold at profit. According (Makoto Itoh1988) the beginning of seventeen century mercantilism appeared as bullionism, where silver and gold was treated as treasure. Thus, the growth of wealth was measured by accumulation of these metals which served as money. So, m ercantilist known the importance of manufacturing industries and foreign trade was the source of national wealth and treasure. After that, based on (Makoto Itoh1988) mercantilism turned to a typical police balance of trade system where the total nation balance of trade rather than the balance of each individual bargain was underlined. There is argument about state should export more goods than imported in order to let foreigners pay the bullion, and only raw materials that cant extract at home should be imported. Thus, subsidies for export and creation of monopolies among the trading companies in order to encourage home production of manufactured goods. Capitalism production is specific in commercial supplied inputs and outputs of production through the market. The whole production process is restructured with the economic rationality of capitalism, which price is described the relationships between input and output. The profit depended ultimately on workers so production itself becomes directly a source of capital growth, based on the commercial exploitation of surplus labor. According to( Fulcher J 2004), capitalist production is based on wage labor and a clear line of division and conflict emerges between the owners of capital, who own what Karl Marx called the means of production and those who sell their labor in exchange for wages. Means of production are those factories, tools and the machinery to create a product. A worker can sell his labor to capitalist for a wage in any activity or investment that will bring profit to a capitalist. For the example of cotton mills, apart from heavy machinery cost, wages were the main cost o f the company. So, Wages costs were minimized by replace less skilled and cheaper labor as work together with invention of technology made this possible. On other hand, Industrial capitalism required continuous work , based on (Fulcher J 2004), workers had become, as Marx put it wage slaves. Anarchic capitalism also known as liberalization market was the stage in 18th and early 19thcenturies when industrial capitalism made its breakthrough. It was anarchic because participants can seize and defend resources without regulation. Economist Murray Rothbard defined the term of anarchy society as one where there is no legal possibility of coercive aggression against the person or property of any individual. According to anarchic capitalism, the personal activities or economic activities would be regulated by private law rather than politics yet entrepreneurs competitors will provide law enforcement, courts rather than through taxation. Anarchic capitalism argued that society should based on the voluntary trade of private property and services which consists of money, consumer goods, capitals goods or land to maximize individual liberty and wealth. (Kaletsky ) stated that the ideology is clear that a capitalist system based on private property and profit was an elemental force of nature, governed by iron laws of economics that were as immune to human manipulation as a hurricane. The general beliefs of laissez-fair which dominant throughout this 150 year period is that economics and politics are two different areas in human activity and emotion that should remain different in the interest of economic and political progress. In anarchic capitalism what is important is the way of gain property without roadblock from the compulsory state and the most economically beneficial is through voluntary trade rather than government intervention. Government intervention extensively in the economy, essentially through high and var iable trade tariffs and excise taxes in order to raise revenues. Not only that, according to (Kaletsky) there were also used to favor influential industries or social interests such as textile manufacturers or yeoman farmers. Nevertheless, according to (Kaletsky), laissez-faire capitalism has been succumbed because of its internal contradictions just like what Marx had predicted before. Anarchist romantics repulsed, according to Keyness description suggested, one of the reason might be the revolutionary groups of 1880-1915 period that exceed achievements in their destructive political impact by terrorists of PLO or IRA. So, by 1914, free market capitalism was declining and the internal contradiction that identified by Marx were toward a systemic breakdown. In 1919, Keynes warning there will be an economic catastrophe foreshadowed. Then, financial earthquakes of hyperinflation in Weimar Germany and also Great Depression happened on 1930s. Based on (Kaletsky), during nineteenth-century politico-economic system was still in death throws and capitalism had become extinct so the system has to opt for reform. Managed capitalism which born out of the economic disaster in the interwar period was begin in second half of 19th century which thrived for roughly 40 years and came to its peak in 1970s. Thus, its the policies that Keynes had been recommending to British government. The (Fulcher J2004) stated that competition and market regulation declined as both sides of industry become more organized and as state management and control increased. One of the remarkable transformation occurred in the 1930s was the invention of government economist. According to (Kaletsky), the interactions between the government and market in anarchic capitalism has been consider incidental to economic activity and generally damaging to it as government need to raise revenues by tariffs and taxes for the main reason which is fighting war. So, landlord or manufacturers have to pay for tariffs to protect them for low-cost foreign competition. There is no one belief that the working of the market will be improved eve n there is intervention of Bank England in money market and also motivation of self-interests of City London or British finance to quell panics. According to (Kaletsky), Prime minister has described that the governments reaction to Keyness early proposal to lift the British economy out of Great Depression. The macroeconomic condition was transformed by collapse of global trade and industry in early 1930. As what stated in (Kaletsky), public outrage intensified over mass unemployment, the twin threats of socialist revolution and fascist dictatorship forced democratic politicians to engage with the economy in ways that classical economist had never imagined. Next, government been offered a freedom of action by the time gold standard has been breakdown. Then, based on economists and politicians that the upshot was that if unguided by government, capitalism was ruinously and unstable. The (Kaletsky) stated that a competent government will protect the public and also economy from unavoid able anarchy of free market. But from the 1960 onwards, economy crisis hit the world. Not only Britain but also other countries like Italy, France were facing inflation and even assassination from terrorism. Thus, breakdown of the international monetary system in 1971 leads a death blows and collapsed to manage capitalism. According to (Kaletsky), a lethal combination of high inflation and mass unemployment known as stagflation appeared in the economy. After the 1979 Iranian Revolution, capitalism in this period was faced the same problem as the early one in 1930s, it had to transform itself to survive or choose to become extinct. Why did managed capitalism collapsed is probably caused of corporatist institution couldnt work in the end, government had failed to regulate prices and incomes because the cooperation wasnt been engineered between unions and employers. Remarketized capitalism period happened on 1980s after the collapsed of managed capitalism and its revival of market forces. Thus, in 1981-1982,based on (Kaletsky) monetarism has been applied to tame of inflation by revival of free or competitive markets, prevent distorted by state intervention, always keep a capitalist economy in balance, producing efficient and rational outside ,including economic stability and full employment. What causes the crisis of capitalism in 1970s? Its the consequence of errors in monetary policy. Additionally, another reason of the great inflation and breakdown of Keynesian capitalism was probably the private enterprise hard to afford the high taxes, the militant unions they empowered and especially the Increase of powerfu l labor movement brings class conflict and pressure for income redistribution. Next, Keynesian full-employment built a natural tensions over the distribution of wagers and profit between workers and capitalists in the economic system. By the late 1960s, the top priority of government policy was maintain full employment then the labor militancy intensified to achieve the escalate demand so a postwar generation of workers had grown up. Thus, according (Kaletsky), companies felt confident to pay offers that were needed to stave off labor militancy and strikes. So inflation was created as result. Government has to restore discipline into the labor market in order to stop the inflation. So, government has to abandon full employment policies and also create condition to millions workers who going to lose their jobs. In 1943, self-destruction of Keynesian full-employment was predicted by economist and he was argued that due to the labor militancy and inflation, the solution will create a new crisis of capitalism and force the capitalism system to reinvent itself again. Lastly, based on ( Kaletsky ) the thirty years epoch started with Thatcherism in 1979 and ended with the crisis of 2007-2009.